For some reason, it is believed that mushrooms appear in the forest only in autumn, and you can collect them when the rainy season comes after a hot summer. And not all lovers of quiet hunting know that in the Moscow region you can collect these forest delicacies with the onset of warm days in the spring, throughout the summer and until frost in late autumn. For experienced mushroom pickers, it has long been no secret what, when and where in the Moscow region to pick mushrooms throughout the mushroom season. But newbies in this business need tips and advice.
Why does everyone like mushrooms so much?
For most lovers of quiet hunting, picking mushrooms is not just a ritual of unity with nature or a walk in the fresh air. First of all, this is a way to get a tasty and healthy food product that will not only please the whole family with its exquisite taste and aroma, but also save the family budget. Everyone understands that in the forest no one needs to pay anything for mushrooms, it is only necessary to spend a certain amount of time. In addition, the collection process in itself delivers a lot of positive emotions, such as joy and delight.
A successful mushroom picker can provide his family with a supply of mushrooms for the whole winter. Mushrooms can not only be pickled, salted or dried, but simply frozen in the refrigerator. remain fresh, and on their basis you can cook the broth for any first course, or just fry the gifts of the forest with potatoes and onions.
Mushrooms and their nutritional value
Mushrooms are one of the favorite foods and have their own value. The main substance of the pulp of the fungus is water, its content in mushrooms is from 80% and above. Proteins and carbohydrates in the composition of mushrooms have approximately equal shares - 3-6% each. Fats contain less than 1%, and the rest is occupied by vitamins, trace elements and extractives.
A lot of mushrooms also contain fiber, it is not absorbed by the human body, but it is very useful for the intestines. Thanks to fiber, mushrooms have a low calorie content, despite the fact that saturation with them occurs very quickly.
Mushrooms are often referred to as forest bread or forest meat because their chemical composition resembles these foods. When mushrooms are dried, water evaporates, and due to this, the share of all other useful components increases. The protein content can increase up to 30%.
Mushroom places near Moscow
The Moscow region occupies vast territories around the huge metropolis, most of them are covered with forests and copses, very rich in mushroom places. It is difficult for a novice mushroom picker to decide in which direction he needs to go and where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region at one time or another of the season. More experienced collectors of forest delicacies can also suggest the direction in which to look for these delicious gifts of nature, and what mushrooms can be found in these places.
First of all, the mushroom picker needs to find out the direction in which he will get to the very mushroom treasures of the forests near Moscow. Many of these directions, like rays, diverge in different directions from the central regions of the capital: Kievskoye, Kursk, Kazanskoye, Leningradskoye, Yaroslavskoye, Riga, Savelovskoye, Ryazanskoye, Paveletskoye, Belorusskoye or Gorky. In any of these regions, you can find places where mushrooms grow in abundance in the Moscow region. It remains only to get into the car, bus or train, stock up on the attributes necessary for the forest trip and go for prey.
Mushroom places of the Kyiv direction
If you go in the direction of Kiev, it is best to go to the outskirts of the village of Selyatino, where you can pick mushrooms in the Moscow region from the beginning to the end of the mushroom season. Here, porcini mushrooms, aspen mushrooms, flywheels, honey mushrooms, russula and little-known Polish mushrooms grow in abundance in the forests.
Russula are considered the most common mushrooms not only in the Moscow region, but throughout Russia. They thrive in deciduous, coniferous and mixed forests. All russula of different types have the same white hollow cylindrical leg and a hat with white plates. And the top of the hat can be any color, depending on the type. Most often in the forest you can see pink russula, but they are also blue, and green, and blue-green, and gray, and yellow, and orange, and red, even purple. Russula is a very fragile mushroom, because it grows only in the rainy autumn season and is highly saturated with moisture. Therefore, it is not recommended to put a lot of these mushrooms in one basket or put other mushrooms on top of them. Even if you follow these precautions, some of the mushrooms will still crumble into small pieces.
It is believed to be eaten raw. But it is best to salt them, like other types of this mushroom. Fried russula, if they are not soaked first, have a bitter taste, like the broth from them.
Mushroom places in the Kursk direction
In the Kursk direction, by train, having reached the Lvovskaya or Kolkhoznaya stations, you can get to places where edible mushrooms in the Moscow region are represented by such species as nigella, milk mushrooms, russula, aspen mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, butterflies and chanterelles.
Going to collect mushrooms, you should not take a basket or basket with you. It is better to take a bag or a couple of buckets more. Indeed, in rainy autumn times, milk mushrooms grow in mixed forests in such numbers that, having discovered their deposit, it is difficult to collect all the mushrooms found. Usually they collect black and dry mushrooms - podgruzdok, and they are suitable only for salting after careful processing by soaking in cold water and subsequent boiling. Unsoaked milk mushrooms, especially black ones, can be bitter and spoil the dish if you try to fry them with potatoes.
The cap of this fungus is lamellar, funnel-shaped, depressed in the middle, in a white milk mushroom it is light, whitish-yellow, in a black one it is dark olive, turning into a hollow cylindrical leg. In the forests, milk mushrooms appear at the end of summer and autumn, when the soil is moist and well moistened with rains.
Paveletsky direction
In the city of Domodedovo there is an interesting neighborhood called White Stolby. This dacha village is surrounded by forests, where porcini mushrooms in the Moscow region are found in such abundance that they talk about the origin of the name of the microdistrict precisely in connection with the presence of mushroom places rich in porcini mushrooms. Russula and boletus are also often found here.
White mushroom is the real king among mushrooms. It is considered one of the most valuable and delicious of all representatives of the mushroom kingdom, not counting the expensive and rare delicacy truffle. In contrast, the white mushroom is available everywhere and gives mushroom pickers more joy than its other counterparts. As soon as a rumor spreads among mushroom pickers that mushrooms have appeared in the Moscow region, they immediately go to look for white mushrooms, while others collect only if they cannot find white mushrooms.
White refers to tubular mushrooms. It can be dried, fried, stewed with onions and potatoes, cooked from it into a delicious, fragrant soup. But for salting, like all tubular mushrooms, it is of little use, it is better to pickle. White mushrooms usually appear at the end of June in oak forests, spruce forests and pine forests. Their hat is dark brown and convex, dense flesh, white short leg. The white mushroom is the largest, some specimens can reach gigantic sizes - up to several tens of centimeters in height and width, and up to several kilograms of weight.
Mushroom places of the Kazan direction
The Kazan direction can be called one of the most promising in terms of replenishing family stocks with gifts of nature. There are many places where picking mushrooms in the Moscow region is a real pleasure. The surroundings of the villages of Donino, Grigorovo and the village of Gzhel are filled with deposits of chanterelles, honey mushrooms, oil, aspen, boletus and porcini mushrooms.
Oiler is a slippery mushroom, because it likes to grow in moist coniferous forests, mainly in pine forests, and prefers rainy, but not cold weather. This mushroom can also be harvested in the summer from the end of June, but the main wave of the oil harvest falls on the first half of autumn. The butterdish has a round, shiny, convex cap, the color of which can vary from light yellow to brown, a bright yellow tubular layer and a low dense yellowish-brown stem.
To some people, pickled butterfish resemble frogs. Although they can be marinated, not everyone likes the slippery, trembling substance floating in the marinade. Salting these mushrooms is generally not recommended. It is best to fry them with onions and potatoes or dry them. And soups and borschts cooked in butter stock resemble meat soups, because butter is so fatty and oily that it fully justifies its name, and the first dish of them glistens from fat floating on the surface.
We are going to the Yaroslavl direction
The champions among the most mushroom places of the Moscow region are rightfully considered those in the Yaroslavl direction. If an experienced mushroom picker, when asked if mushrooms appeared in the Moscow region, hears a positive answer, then he will most likely go to the Zelenograd district, to the village of Darino, to the village of Abramtsevo or to the Kalistovo station. In these areas, mushroom harvests are so large that you can take not only your family, but also the families of relatives and friends on a mushroom trip, without fear that someone will get few mushrooms. Here, mushroom pickers will be pleased with placers of honey mushrooms, porcini mushrooms, butter, saffron milk mushrooms and jaundices.
Jaundice is an interesting mushroom and not as widely known as other relatives. It is also called greenfinch, greenery or yellow-green rowing. She has a smooth, yellowish-green or brown-yellow hat, darker in the middle, with bright yellow plates, slimy in wet weather and always dusted with sand. The cylindrical leg is also yellowish-green in color, hollow inside.
Jaundice has an unusual floury smell and an interesting nutty sweet taste. This mushroom is suitable for cooking soups and for preparing side dishes for omelettes and various meat dishes. Jaundice grows in the second half of autumn in coniferous forests on moss or sandy soil, usually in large groups.
Good places on the Savelovskaya road
The holiday village of Khoroshilovo, where the Savelovsky direction leads, is surrounded by forest lands, where in the Moscow region are represented by chanterelles, aspen mushrooms and honey agarics.
With the onset of summer days and until late autumn, the clearings are colored with flocks of the most cheerful forest mushrooms - red chanterelles. Chanterelles are representatives of agaric mushrooms. Their hat is irregular in shape, in adult mushrooms it is funnel-shaped, turning into a stem. Chanterelles grow in large families in deciduous and coniferous forests, mainly on sandy soils.
The chanterelle is considered a very valuable mushroom, because it is almost never wormy, like other mushrooms growing in the Moscow region. It is also appreciated for its amazing taste, for the fact that many delicious dishes can be prepared from it. Chanterelles are good both in salting and in marinade, they are dried, fried and boiled in soups, they are combined with so many products and give them an unusual taste and aroma.
Leningrad direction
In the Firsanovka microdistrict of the city of Khimki, where you can pick mushrooms in the Moscow region as successfully as in other mushroom places, you need to go in the Leningrad direction. Most of all, mushrooms, white and boletus are found here.
In coniferous forests, you can often find a mushroom with a bright yellow-red color. This is a redhead. It has a cylindrical stem and a cap in the form of a funnel with circles. If the camelina is cut with a knife, orange juice is released. Contrary to some recommendations, it is not worth frying or drying mushrooms; when fried, they have a bitter taste. Usually they are salted, less often pickled. Some mushroom pickers even eat raw fresh young mushrooms, cutting them and sprinkling them with salt.
Ryzhik is harvested from the beginning of August until the November frosts. These mushrooms deftly know how to hide in the grass, so when collecting them, you need to carefully look at the grassy thickets. If one red hat is seen in the grass, then a whole family can be found nearby, because mushrooms do not like to grow alone.
Mushroom places of the Riga direction
If you come to the holiday village of Opalikha, then here you can walk along the forest paths and easily collect full baskets of boletus and boletus.
Excellent mushroom - boletus. The people call it birch, obabok or birch obabok. You can find it most often under birch trees, which is why the name of the fungus came about. Its layer is tubular, the color of the cap depends on which tree and under what conditions it grows, and can vary from dark brown to light gray. The hat changes from hemispherical to cushion-shaped with age, and can reach up to 20 centimeters in diameter. The leg of the boletus is long, in comparison with the size of the cap - thin, whitish-gray and covered with dark scales.
An avid amateur who knows where to find mushrooms in the Moscow region, most likely, will go looking for boletus among very young birch trees, it is under them that these mushrooms give the best yields. But they can also grow under other trees in mixed and even spruce forests where birches grow. Collect boletus from the very beginning of summer until autumn frosts. The boletus is suitable for drying, frying and making soups.
The best places of the Belarusian direction
Honey agaric, chanterelles and porcini mushrooms can also be collected in the forests around the village of Pestovo, which is located between the Portnovskaya station of the Belarusian direction, and Zvenigorod.
Everyone loves a honey agaric. A festive table cannot be without salted or pickled mushrooms, because their taste has fascinated every person since childhood. Brilliant babies swimming in the marinade delight even those who do not understand mushrooms at all. Honey mushrooms are not only salted and pickled, they are also dried and fried, and the broths from them turn out to be as rich as those from butter or porcini mushrooms.
Mushrooms grow on stumps, fallen trunks and at the base of old trees in large families. They have round, medium-sized hats and thin, elongated legs. The color of mushrooms can vary from light yellow to dark brown, depending on the species. These mushrooms usually appear at the end of summer and grow until frost, prefer cool rainy weather.
There are more than 30 different types of mushrooms, of which summer, autumn, meadow and forest are considered edible. But edible mushrooms have poisonous counterparts with which they are easily confused - false mushrooms. You can distinguish edible from false by the following feature - edible ones always grow on wood, even on roots hidden underground, and false ones can grow on their own, without a woody base. Edible mushrooms have a ring-skirt on the leg, while false ones do not.
Where not to go for mushrooms and what not to do on mushroom hunting
Any mushroom picker dreams of a good harvest of mushrooms and good luck on a quiet hunt. In order not to be disappointed and not to return home with an empty basket, you must first find out from experts whether there are mushrooms in the Moscow region in those places that are not famous for large harvests. If the answer is negative or vague, then it is better not to travel in the Ryazan or Gorky directions. Of course, even there you can find and collect porcini mushrooms, boletus, boletus, honey mushrooms and oil, milk mushrooms and russula, but in these areas there are much fewer of them than in other forests of the Moscow region.
Having found out whether mushrooms appeared in the Moscow region, and going after them, you should remember that, in addition to edible ones, there are many dangerous poisonous mushrooms in the forest. chanterelles and are very similar to their edible relatives. A pale toadstool can be mistaken for a mushroom, and a very dangerous satanic mushroom can be confused with white. You can get poisoned even with conditionally edible mushrooms, if they are cooked incorrectly - a wave, a nigella, a pig, a value, some types of russula, morels and lines. You can even get poisoned with an edible mushroom if it is wormy or too old.
You need to know that there are many places where it is impossible to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region. You should definitely not do this near highways, highways, industrial enterprises and gas stations. Also, you can not buy mushrooms in these places from local mushroom pickers. In addition, in the Moscow region there are burial sites for radioactive waste and burial grounds, which lovers of quiet hunting should not even approach.
And, of course, you do not need to eat mushrooms in their raw form, without subjecting them to heat treatment sufficient to destroy toxic substances. Some unfortunate mushroom pickers end up in the hospital just because they throw the mushrooms directly into the pan without boiling them first, and get poisoned by edible mushrooms. And since any of the best raw mushrooms is poisonous, it is necessary to boil the mushrooms for at least an hour before frying, pickling or pickling, preferably in two waters. At the end of cooking, you can throw a raw, peeled onion into the pan. If it does not change color, then the mushrooms can be eaten.
When mushrooms go to the Moscow region in 2020, where is it better to look for them, how to pick them correctly. The locations of mushroom places change every year, but scientists - mycologists again and again predict and map productive areas to please nature lovers. Also, the number of mushrooms is affected by the level and frequency of precipitation, the warmth of summer nights and how carefully the mushroom pickers cut the stalks last year.
What mushrooms can be picked in summer and autumn
Each mushroom has its own period of growth and maturation. Heat-loving mushrooms do not survive until the cold, and frost-resistant mushrooms remain even in November under the cover of snow. In early May, mossiness mushrooms, morels, and in the southern regions bear fruit. Grow in summer:
- waves;
- chanterelles;
- boletus;
- boletus;
- boletus.
The most common mushrooms go in September, October, and even capture November: milk mushrooms, butterflies, mossiness mushrooms, russula, oyster mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, rubella, boletus, honey mushrooms, veselka (found in March) and others.
Useful advice!
Those mushrooms that are collected under the snow are not suitable for drying. It is better to cook soup from them or stew in sour cream.
According to tradition, milk mushrooms and mushrooms, collected after the fall of leaves in autumn, are salted. June, July, August - the harvest of these months goes well for soup, roast, dryness. Those specimens that are planned to be stored in the cold are not customary to wash: they simply clean the dirt with a blunt scraper.
When is the best time to pick mushrooms?
The most successful time of day for picking mushrooms is early morning and daylight hours until noon. If dew has fallen on natural wealth, then it is better to wipe them with a rag before folding them into a basket. Picking mushrooms after rain is a real pleasure. After abundant watering, the number of babies always increases.
In the evening, the gifts of nature tend to hide in the literal and figurative sense. Firstly, in the dark they are less visible, and secondly, they seem to shrink under the forest floor.
Evil places of the Moscow region
According to experts, the most successful areas of the Moscow region will be the Istrinsky district, the direction of the Kaluga highway, the cities of Odintsovo, Zvenigorod, Chekhov and the entire Kolomensky district. In the direction of Tver, it is better to go for porcini mushrooms, the Lyubertsy region, as always, will delight you with honey mushrooms. Chanterelles are grouped under Vladimir.
In general, the map of the next year will not differ from the current 2019. In the spring of a leap year, there will be a final adjustment in terms of dates and places of collection.
Do not pick mushrooms near autobahns and industrial sites. They absorb all heavy metals and chemical precipitation like a sponge.
In the spring, when the first snow melts, soil samples will be taken to detect mycelium. According to these studies, it will be established which mushrooms will be the most. Commercial enterprises carry out the distribution of spores of the most valuable species for the "wild" cultivation of mycorrhiza according to the economic contractual system.
What species are most common
For more than a dozen years, the forests near Moscow have been rich in chanterelles, mushrooms, milk mushrooms, honey mushrooms, and white spikelets. But mushrooms and morels are less and less from year to year. This is due to the fact that mushroom pickers are careless about picking fruits. Pulling out the stalk, the mycelium is traumatized. Lamellar mushrooms are easier to recover from such damage, but the rhizomes of the subspecies of tubular hats do not tolerate this “bullying”. The abundance of oyster mushrooms in the Moscow region is due to the fact that many entrepreneurs and factories specialize in industrial year-round mushroom cultivation. They throw out the waste soil, which contains the rest of the rhizomes. In some cases, the mycelium takes root in the open ground, and gives a good new crop the next year.
Regardless of the growing tree species, edible mushrooms are almost never found in particularly dense thickets, in heavily shaded places, in tall and dense grass, in very dense blueberries, overgrown tussocks, in swampy places among densely covering the ground with moss, as well as in too dry places. Mushrooms do not grow in alder and solid hazel.
Our country stretches for thousands of kilometers from western to eastern borders and from northern to southern. In the north there is a very short summer, in the extreme south, in fact, there is no winter.
It follows from this that mushrooms cannot simultaneously appear and grow in regions with different climatic conditions. It is quite natural that at a time when winter is raging in the northern regions, and even in the middle lane, mushrooms grow in the south of the country.
But since this book describes mushrooms growing in the northern half of the forest zone, in the central and western regions of the country, the above dates for the appearance and growth of mushrooms refer to these territories.
In the appearance of mushrooms, there is a periodicity and a certain sequence. Periods of good growth are replaced by periods when fungi are very rare, sometimes completely absent.
At the end of April, the first spring mushrooms appear - morels and lines. These mushrooms grow throughout May, you can still find them in early June, after which they disappear until the next spring.
June is the beginning of summer. The sun has already risen high, the day has become brighter, the nights are shorter.
Rye is earing, wild rose, jasmine, viburnum and mountain ash have blossomed. This means that in a week on the edges and in rare birch groves, near the trunks of old trees, the first summer mushrooms will grow: birch, aspen, russula, even white ones, and in sparse, light pine plantings, you can already collect oil.
In the people, these first mushrooms are called spikelets. The duration of the growth of mushrooms in this first layer is no more than 10-12 days, after which there is a break.
And only in some years, when May and June are rainy and cool and the appearance of the first mushrooms is delayed, there is no break in the growth of mushrooms between the first and second layers.
Mid-July is the peak of summer. The linden has faded, the painful time has come for harvesting winter crops - a second layer of mid-summer mushrooms appears. The duration of the fruiting of this layer is two to three weeks, after which, as a rule, there is a break again until mid-August.
August. In the mornings a thick fog spreads, enveloping the meadows and forest distances. In the forest, at the foot of trees, in ditches, near forest roads and paths, and in places not covered with grass, white mold appears.
This, as they say, "blooms" the soil. Raspberries and lingonberries ripened in the forest. All these signs and the abundant appearance of red fly agaric indicate the beginning of the mass growth of mushrooms, and above all white mushrooms.
During the third, summer-autumn layer, especially in favorable weather, mushrooms such as porcini, birch and aspen mushrooms grow in whole families, and milk mushrooms, mushrooms, chanterelles, boletus and some others grow in colonies.
Moreover, white and aspen trees sometimes appear as whole seedlings of two, three or more fused together.
It should be noted that mushrooms grow especially amicably after a warm drizzling “mushroom” rain, when during the day steam flows from the moist earth warmed by the sun, and the nights are especially warm.
Mushrooms are a special gift of nature! They are tasty and are used by culinary specialists in a wide variety of dishes. And what a pleasure picking mushrooms brings: a forest filled with the aromas of herbs and foliage, the chirping of birds and the delight of mushroom finds! And no mushrooms from the store can compare with fragrant mushrooms from the forest, found in person. How to pick mushrooms and when to pick mushrooms. Answers to these questions will give mushroom calendar or mushroom calendar.
picking mushrooms- not such a simple matter as it might seem at first glance. There is an optimal time for picking different types of mushrooms. And of course you need the right weather conditions. The mushroom calendar will help you choose the time to go for mushroom gifts of nature. Experienced mushroom pickers, of course, can do without it, but for beginners, the mushroom calendar will come in handy.
mushroom calendar
A novice mushroom picker must know that the mushroom year begins in April and ends in the second half of October. Please note that each mushroom grows at a certain time, and not all the time. Therefore, if you are specifically targeting mushrooms or russula, then first you need to look at the calendar of mushrooms, specify the months when they grow.
- Mushroom calendar for April
April - the most difficult month for mushrooms, fixes the mushroom calendar. At such a time, there are still frosts very often, so not all mushrooms are able to survive frosts, snow and cold. Only the most resilient survive. Mushrooms appear around mid-April. You can find morels in the thick of the forest, exactly where the snow still lies. They grow in open areas where sunlight hits the most. But oak and pine forests will surely please you with cinder lines and omphalia.
- Mushroom calendar for May
May also does not particularly please mushroom pickers with an abundance of its gifts, according to the mushroom calendar. This is the month when mushrooms are just getting ready for their summer and bountiful season. But, if you try hard, then deep in the forest you can find morel caps and stocky lines. The end of May will please mushroom pickers more, since during this period there is a high probability of finding butterflies and chanterelles. Of course, the bulk of this type of mushroom will appear a little later, but if you are so impatient, then you have the opportunity to find such pioneer mushrooms.
- Mushroom calendar for June
- Mushroom calendar for July
- Mushroom calendar for August
- Mushroom calendar for September, October
More information about the growth schedule of mushrooms can be found in the Mushroom calendar below. Every month is rich in mushrooms. Simply, for each mushroom a special time is allotted. Therefore, if you have any preferences, then it is best for you to navigate this way the mushroom picker calendar.
Mushroom calendar for june july august spring and autumn
| What mushrooms to collect |
When to pick mushrooms |
||||||
| mushrooms in april | mushrooms in May | mushrooms in june | mushrooms in July | mushrooms in august | mushrooms in september | mushrooms in october | |
| Morels | + | + | + | ||||
| Stitches | + | + | + | ||||
| May mushroom | + | + | |||||
| Oyster mushroom | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
| meadow honey agaric | + | + | + | + | |||
| boletus | + | + | + | + | |||
| Oil can granular | + | + | + | ||||
| summer honey agaric | + | + | + | + | + | ||
| Chanterelle real | + | + | + | ||||
| Porcini | + | + | + | + | + | ||
| boletus | + | + | + | + | + | ||
| Plyutey deer | + | + | + | + | + | ||
| Raincoat prickly | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Champignon ordinary | + | + | + | + | |||
| field champignon | + | + | |||||
| Value | + | + | + | ||||
| Funnel talker | + | + | + | ||||
| Umbrella mushroom white | + | + | + | ||||
| Mushroom-umbrella motley | + | + | + | + | |||
| real breast | + | + | |||||
| poddubovik | + | + | + | ||||
| Ivyshen | + | + | + | ||||
| White loader | + | + | |||||
| Loader black | + | + | |||||
| Pig fat | + | + | |||||
|
Russula yellow, food, etc. |
+ | + | + | + | + | ||
| Flywheel green | + | + | + | + | + | ||
| hedgehog yellow | + | + | |||||
| Ringed cap | + | + | + | ||||
| Larch butter dish | + | + | + | ||||
| Volnushka pink | + | + | + | ||||
| Black breast | + | + | + | + | |||
| Ginger spruce green | + | + | + | ||||
| Ginger pine | + | + | + | ||||
| Talker gray | + | + | |||||
| Oiler late | + | + | |||||
| winter mushroom | + | + | |||||
| Loader black and white | + | + | |||||
| polish mushroom | + | ||||||
| Oyster mushroom autumn | + | ||||||
| Row gray | + | ||||||
| Autumn line | + | + | |||||
| Autumn honey agaric | + | + | |||||
| Row purple | + | + | |||||
| Greenfinch | + | + | + | ||||
| Hygrophorus brown | + | + | |||||
Now you know when to pick mushrooms. Hurry - the end of June is a great time to pick young mushrooms suitable for delicious dishes. For the time being, you can amuse yourself with delicious mushroom food, and for the remaining two summer months, feel free to pick mushrooms for pickles and pickling! And for a snack, interesting information about mushrooms and tips for mushroom pickers.
life span of mushrooms
Mushrooms grow rapidly, increasing by about 1-2 cm per day. The mushroom acquires an average size in 3-6 days. The life expectancy of honey agaric, chanterelles, boletus fits into 10 days. Up to 14 days live white fungus and boletus, up to 40 - champignon. With the maturation of spores, the number of which is in the tens of millions, the fungi grow old and often rot. Mushrooms are tasty and nutritious. If you follow some rules, the mushroom season will bring you only joy:- The first sign of a clean area worth picking mushrooms is the abundance of fly agarics.
- If only russula grows on the edge, it is better to bypass it - most likely, the soil is contaminated.
- 90% of mushrooms grow along the edges, clearings and young plantings, so it makes no sense to climb into the thickets, risking not finding your way home.
- Mushrooms grow from 1 day to 3 days. Optimal conditions: 10-20 degrees Celsius, for lamellar and noble - from 5 to 15 degrees above zero. Humidity - 80-90%, rains and heavy dews are desirable.
- Only young mushrooms are suitable for food, in which the caps are not fully opened or partially opened. Overripe mushrooms with a cap open like an umbrella have no nutritional value. It is better to hang such a mushroom on a twig - let the disputes spread around the area. But if the hat is curved like a dome, it means that the fungus has already released spores and poison is formed in it, similar to a cadaveric one. It is dangerous, it is the main cause of poisoning.
Earlier on Mushrooms:
Every mushroom picker in the Moscow region should know exactly when to pick one or another type of mushroom. A harvest calendar can help with this, as well as many years of experience in harvesting this product. Plants are distributed everywhere, including in the forests of the Moscow region.
Every mushroom picker in the Moscow region should know exactly when to pick this or that type of mushroom.
The mushroom calendar is a calendar of approximate maturation of plants in a particular latitude. With it, you can very successfully go to the collection and understand what type of mushrooms you need to collect. Each plant has its own specific start and end of the season. It is worth noting that all terms of maturation of organisms are approximate and depend on many factors, namely:
- weather conditions;
- ecology.
The first harvest in the Moscow region may occur after the first wet weather - light rain, high humidity, and so on. The most favorable months for the ripening of the fruiting bodies of the fungus are the month of July and August.
What mushrooms can be found in the suburbs (video)
Features of picking mushrooms in the Moscow region
There are several rules for picking mushrooms that must be followed. First of all, you need to collect only those fruiting bodies in which there is 100% confidence. Poisonous species can often come across, which are very similar to edible ones. That is why you need to be careful.
- Also, do not cut off too flabby in structure or old mycelium. This rule works in too hot weather, when plants can begin to deteriorate under the influence of ultraviolet radiation.
- Mushroom places located at a distance of closer than three hundred meters to the highway and railway tracks should be avoided. This is due to the constant release of toxic substances from gasoline and other chemicals that plants absorb.
- It is strictly forbidden to buy canned mushrooms of unknown origin from private individuals, as the shelf life and conditions for preparing mushrooms are questionable.
Important! Mushroom picking should be started early in the morning before the surface of the earth is heated by the sun. In this case, the shelf life of mushrooms is significantly increased.
The harvested crop must be cleaned on the spot of contaminants - leaves, needles or other forest debris. In the basket, the mushrooms are placed with their caps down - this way the shape of the fruit is least deformed.
Mushroom picking should be started early in the morning before the surface of the earth is heated by the sun. What edible mushrooms are growing now in the suburbs
Conditionally edible mushrooms of the Moscow region can be divided into four categories, each of which includes a certain type. Separation occurs according to the ratio of nutrients and taste.
- The first category includes white mushroom, real and yellow mushrooms. These are the most delicious species that must be collected first.
- The second category includes various types of waves, diapers, champignon, boletus.
- To the third - forest gifts of medium quality (chanterelle, honey agaric, morel, russula).
- Representatives of the fourth category are not recommended to be collected at all, since it includes conditionally edible mushrooms (violin, forest champignon, blackberry, greenfinch and some types of false mushrooms).
spring
In the spring, the first mushrooms appear in the forest. First of all, these are morels, raincoats and champignons.
- Collecting morels should begin in late April or early May. Fruit bodies prefer deciduous forests for growth, as well as nutrient soil. Morels belong to the third category of mushrooms, and that is why, before eating, they must first be boiled in water or soaked in a weak solution of vinegar.
- Raincoats can be found in mid-May in open areas of land - glades, meadows and ravines. This type of mushroom appears immediately after the precipitation. The peculiarity of the mushroom is that it must be prepared on the day of collection - you can not store raincoats in the refrigerator or freeze for future use. In the CIS countries, the raincoat belongs to the fourth category of mushrooms, which are recommended to be eaten with extreme caution.
- Champignons are the most common type of fruit bodies. The ripening season lasts from April-May and ends in late autumn. It belongs to the second category of mushrooms and has a bright aroma.
Summer
There is a sign that harvesting should begin after the appearance of wild strawberries. In June, russula, which are located in open places, are the first to ripen. This is followed by a period of maturation of oil and boletus, chanterelles, as well as boletus. In some forests of the Moscow region, pigs and bitters grow, as well as the most valuable mushrooms - porcini.
- Boletus mushrooms grow in birch groves and are edible mushrooms. They can be eaten as a gravy or side dish for main dishes. Harvesting starts from mid-July until late autumn.
- Butterflies grow in coniferous forests. This type of mushroom is quite early - the first fruiting bodies appear already in early June and grow for two to three weeks. Only from the end of August until September, butterflies begin to grow en masse.
- White fungus ripens at the end of June and grows on deciduous and coniferous soil. It can be found next to spruce, pine groves, as well as near the location of oaks and birches. Mass collection falls presumably in the second half of August.
- Milk mushrooms grow in small groups of fruiting bodies and prefer sandy soil, as well as location near oaks and birches. A rich harvest can be harvested in late July or early August. The yellow mushroom is common in spruce forests and is cut at the end of summer. It is noteworthy that the yellow mushroom belongs to the first category of mushrooms and is eaten only in the form of salting, before which it is soaked for several days.
- Mushrooms appear near young pine plantations and belong to the first category of mushrooms. It is necessary to collect mushrooms at the end of July and before the onset of autumn.
Early and late autumn
- Autumn mushrooms grow from the beginning of autumn until the end of October. Placed on living tree trunks, in thickets of nettles, as well as on wet and moss-covered stumps. The mushroom is used in the preparation of hot dishes, as well as for drying and pickling.
- The first crop of waves is observed at the end of August or at the onset of autumn. You need to know how to cook volnushki - they are eaten only in a salted form, together with spices and spices.
- Russula grows on roadsides and ripens in early June. However, September-October is the most fruitful period for harvesting. Before cooking, russula must be boiled in salted water for 10 minutes.
Also, in addition to the above fruits, whites, boletus, white diapers, as well as honey mushrooms and pigs grow.
October is the closing month of the harvest season. At this time, it is rare, but possible to find whites, saffron milk caps, as well as honey mushrooms and volnushki.
Description of poisonous mushrooms of the Moscow region
The most common poisonous mushrooms are the spring line, as well as greenfinch, white grebe, false honey agaric, and girl's russula.
- The common spring line is one of the most dangerous mushrooms of its kind. Fruiting begins in early spring. Usually during this period, other mushrooms are in the stage of active growth and are barely visible on the surface of the earth. Recognition is quite simple - its hat is wrinkled and can reach 12 cm in diameter.
- Zelenushka is a poisonous organism that is common throughout Russia. Most often, inexperienced mushroom pickers confuse greenfinches with edible green russula. Scientists are inclined to believe that the mushroom belongs to the category of conditionally edible, but due to the difficulties in cooking, it is almost impossible to process it safely. It grows in pine forests and on dry land.
- Brick-red mushrooms are a type of poisonous mushroom that is often confused with common mushrooms. There are several differences between an edible fruiting body and a poisonous one - harmless species have a dense ring around the stem. For growth, stumps and deciduous forests are preferred.
- False milk mushrooms are practically indistinguishable from edible plants. It can be recognized in the early stages of growth only due to its pronounced smell with camphor notes. The ripe mushroom smells like coconut oil. If it enters the esophagus, a person can cause diarrhea, vomiting and dehydration. False mushrooms are easy to distinguish - just press on the mushroom. If a bright orange spot forms on its surface, that is, it cannot be used.
Mushroom places near Moscow (video)
Map of mushroom places near Moscow
Knowing the most favorable places for the development of mushrooms, you can harvest a rich harvest. Thus, some fruiting bodies can be found on the bark of dead or living trees, others on fire sites.
In the Moscow region, you can find a developed mycelium under pines, spruces, oaks and even birches. Less commonly, cap bodies grow under poplars, mountain ash or alder.
For mushrooms, wood that is in the stage of decomposition is most favorable. It is near such trees under dense spruce litter that fruits can be found. Morel grows on burnt areas, nourishing the root system with the remnants of nutrients in the ashes.
Dense forests and impenetrable wilds, clearings with tall grass are considered unsuitable places for harvesting.
Remember that when harvesting, you must follow all the rules. Only in this case it is possible to collect a safe, as well as a rich harvest in the Moscow region and the surrounding area.
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