It is not uncommon for younger schoolchildren to study either shaky or roll, because they read very slowly. The low speed of obtaining information affects the speed of the entire work as a whole. As a result, the child sits over a textbook for a long time, and academic performance is at the “satisfactory” mark.
How to teach a child to read quickly and at the same time be aware of what they read (more in the article:)? Is it possible to ensure that reading becomes a cognitive process that provides a lot of new information and does not become a "stupid" reading of letters and syllables? We will tell you how to teach a student to speed reading and not lose the true meaning of the lesson. We read quickly, but qualitatively and thoughtfully.
It is extremely important to teach a child not only to read, but also to be aware of what he has read.How to start teaching short reading?
Speaking about the classic method of speed reading, we emphasize that the basis in it is a complete rejection of internal pronunciation. This technique is not suitable for younger students. It should start no earlier than 10-12 years. Before this age, children better absorb information that is read at the same speed as when speaking.
Parents and educators can still learn for themselves a number of useful principles and techniques that are included in this methodology. A child's brain at the age of 5-7 years has all the possibilities for full disclosure and improvement - many teachers of venerable schools say this: Zaitsev, Montessori and Glen Doman. All these schools begin to teach children to read at this age (about 6 years old), only one Waldorf school known to the whole world begins the process a little later.
All teachers agree on one fact: learning to read is a voluntary process. You can't force a child to read against their will. Parents can help the baby find inner strength to master a new skill by using games.
Ready for preschoolers to read
Today on the shelves of stores there is a huge range of manuals for learning to read. Moms and dads, of course, begin this process by learning letters, for which they buy alphabets in a variety of forms: talking books and posters, cubes, puzzles and much more.
The alphabet comes to the aid of the youngest children The goal for all parents is extremely important, but it should be remembered that you need to teach right away so that you don’t have to relearn later. Often, without knowing it, adults teach using the wrong methods, which ultimately creates confusion in the child’s head, which leads to mistakes.
The most common parenting mistakes
- Pronunciation of letters, not sounds. It is a mistake to name alphabetic variants of letters: PE, ER, KA. For correct learning, their short pronunciation is required: P, R, K. An incorrect beginning will lead to the fact that later, when compounding, the child will have a problem in the formation of syllables. So, for example, he will not be able to identify the word: PEAPEA. Thus, the baby cannot see the miracle of reading and understanding, which means that the process itself will become absolutely uninteresting for him.
- Erroneous learning to combine letters into syllables and read words. The following approach would be incorrect:
- we say: P and A will be PA;
- spelling: B, A, B, A;
- analysis of the word only with a glance and its reproduction without taking into account the text.
Learning to read correctly
You should teach the baby to pull the first sound before pronouncing the second - for example, MMMO-RRPE, LLLUUUK, VVVO-DDDA. By teaching your child in this way, you will see positive changes in learning much faster.
Reading skill is closely related to the correct pronunciation of sounds. Very often, reading and writing disorders take their basis in the pronunciation base of the child. The kid pronounces sounds incorrectly, which affects reading in the future. We advise you to start visiting a speech therapist from the age of 5 and not wait until speech is established on its own.
Classes in first grade
The famous professor I.P. Fedorenko developed his own method of teaching reading, the main principle of which is that it is important not how much time you spend on a book, but how often and regularly you study.
You can learn to do something at the level of automatism even without exhausting long sessions. All exercises should be short-term, but carried out with a regular frequency.
Many parents, unwittingly, put a spoke in the wheel of the child's desire to learn to read. In many families, the situation is the same: “Sit down at the table, here is a book for you, read the first fairy tale and until you finish, do not leave the table.” The reading speed of a toddler in the first grade is very low and therefore it will take him at least an hour to read one short story. During this time, he will be very tired from mental hard work. Parents use this approach to kill the child's desire to read. A more gentle and effective way to work through the same text is to work on it in portions, for 5-10 minutes. Then these attempts are repeated two more times during the day.
Children who are forced to read usually lose interest in literature completely. When a child sits down at a book without pleasure, it is important to use a gentle reading regimen in this case. With this method, between reading one or two lines, the baby gets a short break.
For comparison, one can imagine viewing slides from a filmstrip. On the first frame, the child reads 2 lines, then studies the picture and rests. Then we switch to the next slide and repeat the work.
Great pedagogical experience has allowed teachers to apply various effective methods for teaching reading, which can be used at home. Below are examples of some of them.
Exercises
Syllabary speed reading table
This set contains a list of syllables that are repeated many times in one reading session. This way of practicing syllables trains the articulatory apparatus. First, the children read one line of the table slowly (in chorus), then at a slightly faster pace, and for the last time - like a tongue twister. During one lesson, one to three lines are worked out.
The use of syllabic tablets helps the child remember combinations of sounds more quickly. By studying such syllable tables, children begin to understand the principle by which they are built, it is easier for them to navigate and find the required syllable. Over time, children understand how to quickly find a syllable at the intersection of vertical and horizontal lines. The combination of vowels and consonants becomes clear to them from the point of view of the sound-letter system, in the future it becomes easier to perceive words as a whole.
Open syllables must be read both horizontally and vertically (more details in the article:). The principle of reading in the table is twofold. The horizontal lines display the same consonant with different vowel variations. The consonant is read lingeringly with a smooth transition into a vowel sound. In vertical lines, the vowel remains the same, but the consonants change.
Choral pronunciation of the text
They train the articulatory apparatus at the beginning of the lesson, and in the middle they relieve excessive fatigue. On the sheet, which is issued to each student, a number of tongue twisters are offered. First-graders can choose to work out a tongue twister they like or related to the topic of the lesson. Whispering tongue twisters is also an excellent exercise for the articulatory apparatus.
Performing articulation exercises improves the clarity of speech and helps speed reading. Comprehensive Reading Program
- repeated repetition of what was written;
- reading in a fast rhythm tongue twisters;
- continuation of reading unfamiliar text with expression.
Joint implementation of all points of the program, pronunciation in a not very loud voice. Everyone has their own pace. The scheme of conduct is as follows:
The read and conscious content of the first part of the tale / story continues with choral reading in an undertone of the next part. The task lasts 1 minute, after which each student makes a mark to which place he has read. Then the task is repeated with the same passage, the new word is also noted and the results are compared. In most cases, the second time shows that the number of words read has increased. An increase in this number creates a positive attitude in children and they want to achieve new successes. We advise you to change the pace of reading and read it as a tongue twister, which will develop the articulatory apparatus.
The third part of the exercise is as follows: a familiar text is read at a slow pace with expression. When children reach an unfamiliar part, the pace of reading increases. You will need to read one or two lines. Over time, the number of lines needs to be increased. You will notice that after a few weeks of systematic training, the child will notice a clear progress.
In training, the sequence and ease of exercises for the child is very important. Exercise Options
- Task "Throw-serif". When performing the exercise, the students' palms are on their knees. It begins with the words of the teacher: “Throw!” Having heard this command, the children begin to read the text from the book. Then the teacher says, "Serif!" It's time for rest. Children close their eyes, but their hands remain on their knees all the time. Having heard the “Throw” command again, the students look for the line where they stopped and continue reading. The duration of the exercise is about 5 minutes. Thanks to this training, children learn visual orientation in the text.
- Task "Tugboat". The purpose of this exercise is to control the ability to change the pace of reading. First graders read the text together with the teacher. The teacher chooses a pace that is convenient for the students, and students should try to keep up. Then the teacher moves on to reading “to himself”, which is also repeated by the children. After a short period of time, the teacher starts reading aloud again, and the children, with the right tempo, should read the same thing with him. You can increase your reading level by doing this exercise in pairs. A better reading student reads “to himself” and at the same time runs his finger along the lines. The neighbor reads aloud, focusing on the partner's finger. The task of the second student is to keep up with the reading of a stronger partner, which should increase the speed of reading in the future.
- Find a soul mate. The task of schoolchildren will be to search in the table for the second half of the word:
Program for children over 8 years old
- Search for words in the text. In the allotted time, students must find words that begin with a certain letter. A more difficult option when teaching the technique of speed reading is to search for a specific line in the text. Such an activity helps to improve the visual search in the vertical direction. The teacher begins to read the line, and the children must find it in the text and read the continuation.
- Insert missing letters. The proposed text is missing some letters. How much? Depends on the readiness level of the children. Instead of letters, there may be periods or spaces. Such an exercise helps speed up reading, as well as help combine letters into words. The child correlates the initial and final letters, analyzes them and makes up a whole word. Children learn to read the text a little ahead in order to correctly select the right word, and this skill is usually formed already in children who read well. A simpler version of the exercise for children over 8 years of age is a text with missing endings. For example: Veche ... step ... into the city .... We moved… along the paths… between the garage… and mind you… little… kitty… etc.
- The game "Hide and Seek". The teacher begins to randomly read a line from the text. Students must quickly orient themselves, find this place and continue reading together.
- Exercise "Word with an error." While reading, the teacher makes a mistake in the word. It is always interesting for children to correct inaccuracies, because in this way their authority increases, as well as self-confidence.
- Self-measurement of reading speed. Children, on average, should read about 120 words per minute and even more. It will be easier and more interesting to achieve this goal if they begin to independently measure their reading speed once a week. The child himself counts the number of words read and puts the results on a tablet. Such a task is relevant in grades 3-4 and allows you to improve your reading technique. You can find other examples of speed reading exercises and videos on the Internet.
Reading speed is an important indicator of progress and should be monitored regularly We stimulate results
Evaluation of positive dynamics is very important. The child will receive a good incentive to further work if he sees that he has already achieved some success. Above the workplace, you can hang a table or graph that would display progress in learning to speed reading and improving the reading technique itself.
It is especially important to pull up reading by the end of the third grade. At this age, the child should read at least 120 words per minute. Speed reading for children is a great option to teach your child to speed up the pace of reading and at the same time understand what they read by reading "silently".
Teachers note that by the time they enter the first grade, a fairly large percentage of students not only cannot read, but do not even have an idea about letters and the alphabet. Although in fact, teaching a 5-6 year old child to read is quite simple. That is why most of them tend to believe that it is desirable to acquire primary reading skills even before children enter school. This will greatly facilitate their assimilation of school knowledge.
However, in an effort to “arm” the child with reading skills, it is extremely important for parents to strictly follow the principle of the “golden mean”, without trying to overload the child with developmental activities for at least two reasons:
- Firstly, reading is a rather serious step, which only a child who has reached a certain level of psychological maturity is able to take.
- Secondly, given that the school curriculum is designed for the “average” student, a child who can read will not be interested in learning. This will negatively affect his cognitive motivation in the future.
When is the best time to start teaching your child the basics of reading?
How do you determine if a child is ready to read?
Some methods involve the start of training from the 1st year First of all, you need to choose the ideal age period for this.
Most modern teachers believe that the optimal age for teaching a child to read is 5 years.
However, given the individual differences inherent in each child, it is necessary to pay attention to a number of criteria that indicate the readiness of the child to accept these lessons. First of all, these include:
- Developed phonemic awareness. The level of formation of this property is indicated by the child's ability to distinguish and recognize the first, last and some other sounds in words.
- Sufficient level of speech development. The child must have a good vocabulary; his speech should consist of common sentences. He must also be able to compose coherent stories.
- Availability of skills of spatio-temporal orientation. The presence of a clear understanding of the concepts of "top", "bottom", "right", "left".
- Lack of speech pathology problems in children. Correct pronunciation of sounds, competent rhythm, melody and tempo of speech. The child should easily pronounce words and whole phrases without encountering difficulties in pronunciation.
The more developed the child, the sooner he will learn to read. If a child demonstrates the presence of all these qualities and the formation of skills, we can say that he is ready to learn to read. To date, educators around the world are developing and using in practice more and more new methods for developing reading skills. Let's consider just a few of them.
Teaching a child to read
The ability of the brain to recognize and memorize elements of sign systems, including letters of the alphabet, develops in a child by the age of five. That is why at this age you can already try to conduct the first lessons of syllabic reading.
Cards for syllabic reading At the very beginning, the task of the parents will be to form in the child ideas about the letters, which he will later be able to combine into syllables, and them, respectively, into whole words.
How to effectively teach your child to read? To start learning, you will not need much - just a primer and cubes or cards with letters. However, the choice of a textbook must be taken very seriously. The material in the book should be presented in detail, consistently and logically. Considering that voluntary attention at this age is most often at the stage of formation, it is very desirable that it contain as many pictures and visual aids as possible. They will complement the basic material well, while not distracting the child from it.
Introduction to letters As we have already noted, the development of reading skills should begin with the study of letters and sounds, guided by the classical principle “from simple to complex”. It is best to do this in the following sequence:
- Open vowels: A, O, U, Y, E
- Solid voiced consonants: L, M
- Muffled, hissing sounds
In the process of studying letters and sounds, do not rush children, trying to master the entire primer as soon as possible. On the contrary: each task should begin with a repetition of the material already covered. This will allow you to consolidate the acquired skills and knowledge as firmly as possible. And to develop the correct reading technique in a child.
After the child has learned most of the letters and sounds, you can proceed directly to syllabic reading. In order to make it easier for a child to assimilate unfamiliar and yet incomprehensible material for him, it is convenient to conduct classes in a playful way.
Zaitsev cubes for syllabic reading For example, by dividing a syllable into letters, one can imagine how one letter "runs" to another, after which they begin to be pronounced together. The first syllables that a child learns should be simple and consisting of two sounds. It is desirable that the consonant sound comes before the vowel; syllables in which the vowel is in the first place, as well as syllables with hissing, are best left for later. Having understood the principle by which syllables are formed, the child will no longer experience difficulties in the future.
Having mastered the syllables, the child can move on to reading simple words. These can be words made up of simple or repetitive syllables. Over time, the words to read can become more difficult.
In the process of teaching a child to read, it is important to strictly monitor his pronunciation at each stage. The child must withstand pauses in words, observe intonation, stress.
Practice should be daily Even if the learning will go at a slow pace, and the child will experience difficulties, you should not rush him by speeding up the pace of classes. Let reading be for him in the first place, an interesting and exciting game. Children whose parents are unnecessarily concerned about the speed of their learning are more likely than others to have speech therapy problems and difficulties with self-esteem.
Training according to the Tyulenev method: advantages and disadvantages of the system
“Learning to read before walking” is the main thesis of Tyulenev’s methodology. However, is it easy? Is it possible to master the necessary skills at such an early age? How can such a small child be taught to read at the level of a 5-6 year old preschooler? And, importantly, what are the real advantages and disadvantages of this method?
Speaking about the early development of children, Tyulenev believed that it should begin from birth to the age of one and a half years. That is why the fundamental question that he asked in his work was how to teach a child to read whole words independently and as quickly as possible, as well as other units of speech. The average development begins at one and a half years and lasts up to two. And the age period from two to three years old by a teacher belongs to late early development.
Children are easier to learn in a playful way In the event that after three years the child has not mastered the skills that are significant for schooling, the Tyulenev system recognizes him as pedagogically neglected.
To achieve maximum results, Tyulenev recommended preparing children for reading in accordance with a strict plan, in which classes should be scheduled not just by day, but by hour.
Starting from birth, the child needs to show cards with letters or notes. This is the first methodological tool for working with a child - the ABC of the WORLD (methods of intellectual development). With the help of the alphabet, the child learns letters in order to move on to syllabic reading.
Ready-made alphabet WORLD Tyulenev offers for sale The study of syllables is easily carried out using the same quotations, and then - computer tables or a typewriter. Cubes, recommended by many teachers, are used in the Tyulenev system at later stages of working with syllables. And in most cases, they are completely replaced by a set of syllables on a computer.
The advantage of Tyulenev's technique is the absence of special exercises and tests, which allows the child to develop independently with the help of properly selected toys. The lessons are simple; Parent participation is minimal. Taking into account all the rules of early development, according to Tyulenev, makes it possible to speed up learning many times and achieve amazing results already in the first years of life.
However, Tyulenev's technique is not without its shortcomings. For example, most teachers note that when trying to learn to read at an early age, a child does not try to catch the meaning of words: he only collects letters-symbols in the “correct” combinations. The early intellectual development of a child can also significantly slow down his social development, depriving him of the opportunity to acquire communication skills with peers, etc.
Sound-letter method of teaching reading
The sound-letter method is based on a simple thesis: if at the very beginning the child begins to perceive not letters, but sounds, then it is quite logical to start learning to read from them. This is precisely the advantage of the sound-letter method over syllabic reading. In addition, when memorizing syllables or whole words, the child hardly thinks about their meaning, which often reduces learning to rote memorization.
Syllabic reading has another significant drawback, according to supporters of the sound-letter method. Reading by syllables does not allow the child to perceive the text as a whole, which means to catch the meaning of its content. The principle "from simple to complex" is also not always respected, since the symbol system is quite complex.
Learning toy letters is much more interesting The first stage of education involves the development of the child's motivation for learning. This is achieved through the inclusion of materials on the history of the emergence of letters, various writing systems adopted in the countries of the world in the process of class.
Then the child begins to learn to consciously perceive sounds. He carefully listens to every sound, trying to remember it. A primary base of sounds is formed in memory, which the child subsequently begins to classify, highlighting vowels and consonants, remembering exactly how they differ from each other.
The next stage of learning is alphabetic. In order for the child to assimilate the material offered to him as efficiently as possible, bright posters with letters and pictures can be used for classes. However, this method must be used with caution and alternate images so that the child does not associate one particular image with the letter.
It is also important that the child has a well-developed phonemic perception of speech and that he can accurately name the sound that he hears at the beginning or at the end of each named word.
Teaching reading according to the method of G. Doman
This technique is suitable for both the smallest and older children. Teaching reading is easy, if you turn reading into an interesting and exciting game - this is the main task pursued by the method of teaching reading according to the method of G. Doman. It is based on five basic steps.
At the first stage, the child memorizes the first 15 words. For learning, it is necessary to create the most comfortable, conducive conditions for perception: the room should be comfortable, the child should not be affected by any extraneous sounds and other irritants. The child himself must be in a good mood.
Demonstration of cards is carried out as follows. The child is shown an image placed at a distance of about 35 centimeters from the face. After that, the parent names the object without commenting on anything and without forcing it to be repeated. The same procedure is repeated for the other card.
Thematic Doman cards It is advisable to sort the cards into thematic categories ("Family", "Fruits", "Vegetables", "Animals", etc.)
On the first day of training, the cards are shown to the child an average of 4 times. The session repeats approximately every half an hour. The total duration of the lesson, as a rule, does not exceed three minutes. On the second day, the main task is also repeated three times, in addition, the child receives three more demonstrations of a new set of cards.
On the third day, the parent uses three sets of cards, three in each. The number of lessons increases to 9.
Thus, the child learns the first 15 words in his life. Picking them up is quite simple: these can be the names of his relatives, simple fruits, vegetables or food, the names of animals.
Educational cards for young children No matter how much parents would like to speed up the learning process, this should not be done in any case, because the frequent demonstration of cards will make the classes unnecessarily boring and uninteresting for the child. It also makes no sense to increase the duration of classes: already in the first three days the child acquires sign recognition skills, as well as primary reading skills.
Having studied the first group of words, the child can move on to another. You can choose the theme yourself. The second set of words can already be divided into five sets of 4 groups each. In the future, for convenience, it will be possible to remove one card from the set every 5 days and replace it with another.
At the second stage, when the child already has a certain vocabulary, you can move on to learning phrases. Phrases play the role of a link between words and whole sentences.
If you use the Doman method correctly, then the child will learn to read in 2 months In order to teach a child to read whole phrases competently and easily on their own, they need to be composed on the basis of those words that are already in his vocabulary. For example, if a child has already learned the names of basic colors, a noun can be added to them: easy phrases obtained in this way will be easily learned by the child. This means that parents can move on to more complex ones: synonyms, antonyms, etc.
The next step after word combinations is the study of simple sentences. The vocabulary of the child by that time is already expanding to 75 words.
Doman cards can now be downloaded online Parents still work with their children on cards, only now they need to write not words, but sentences. Such a set of 5 offers must be shown within 3-5 days, as before - three times a day. The font size should be such that, on the one hand, it is convenient for the child to perceive the words, on the other hand, so that the words can be easily placed on the card. Every few days, an average of two sentences are removed from the set and new ones are put in their place. Each sentence can also be accompanied by a picture corresponding to its content.
Sets of Doman cards for early child development After that, the child will be ready for one of the most important steps on the way to reading - he begins to understand the meaning of individual words. How to teach a child to sentences? Training at this stage follows the same principle as at the previous one; but the number of words gradually increases as you progress.
As children learn new material, it is permissible to reduce the font size, change its color from red to black. If the child wants, he can repeat the words after you, but you should not demand this from him.
The final stage of learning to read involves working with books containing a large amount of finely printed material. At this stage, it will be possible to move on to connected texts as easily as possible. However, not every book is suitable for these purposes.
Before proceeding to this method, carefully inspect the book.
With a priavlny approach, children read freely as early as 4 years The training book should include from 50 to 100 words. The sentences that make up the book should be familiar to the child. There should be a maximum of one sentence per page. Illustrations in books should be on separate pages.
By carefully studying the methods of developing reading skills, you can choose the one that best suits the child. And then it will become clear how easy it is to teach a child to read correctly, opening up to him the wonderful world of literature.
Starting from the age of five, a child develops a natural need for independent reading. This is a very important moment in the personal and intellectual development of the child. From the desire to read books to their free reading, a child, together with an adult assistant, needs to do a lot of work, 
a lot to learn. If up to this point it was enough for a preschooler to simply move his finger along the pages, pronounce memorized texts or invent his own, then by the age of five a lot changes: the child tries to delve into the process of independent reading, gaining knowledge from books and getting vivid impressions.
Reading develops children's imagination, forms an internal emotionally rich picture of the world, develops abstract thinking and prepares for the assimilation of complex logical structures. At the age of five, it is necessary to select books for the child to read that contribute to his personal development:
- Excite the imagination
- Develop curiosity
- easy to understand,
- They have a lot of visuals and pictures to understand the text.
There are several methods for developing the ability to read in preschool age. This allows you to choose exactly the one that suits the child, based on his individual development and character traits.
The usual way: letters - syllables - words
The traditional system of teaching reading is to implement the principle "from simple to complex". First, the child is introduced to letters, as words are made up of them. at the age of five, it is easier to assimilate information that is presented to the child in a visual form. The letters can be made from cardboard, or you can buy ready-made plastic ones. After the child learns the letters, he needs to be shown how to add syllables from them, and from syllables - words. The learning process should take place in a playful way, since children cannot yet hold the goal of learning for a long time, in the game it is easier for them to memorize and assimilate new information. Such a process of learning to read is suitable for diligent children, those who like to explore the world, to study what details this or that thing consists of.
How to teach a child to read a child using Zaitsev's cubes while playing?
You can teach your child to read using Zaitsev's cubes. This method is suitable for those children who find it difficult to sit still, who, according to psychophysiological indicators, like to constantly move and explore the world in motion. Warehouses are written on the cubes, certain syllables consisting of a consonant and a vowel. Each warehouse has its own characteristic sound and color. By characteristic features, children create associative series.
The teacher comes up with various games with blocks in which children must find suitable ones and make a talking tower or stairs out of them. If syllables are certain speech constructions that underlie words, then warehouses are arbitrary constructions, they can be connected in different ways, thus, in a more relaxed and creative environment, letters are memorized by color-sound associations. Tables for warehouses are also specially designed for children. The child is constantly in motion, so his posture does not deteriorate.
Primer of Nadezhda Zhukova
As a speech therapist with extensive work experience, Nadezhna Zhukova developed her own methodology for teaching preschool children to read. The method is based on the study of the syllables that make up words. "Merry Boy" is a guide to the Primer. It helps the child quickly master the rules of reading. In this case, a speech therapy approach is used, which prevents the development of speech defects. When studying the letters in the picture, it is shown how to pronounce it correctly. The primer is not overloaded with games and entertaining pictures, the child's attention is not distracted by unnecessary information in the primer. The technique is aimed at quickly mastering the reading technique. At the age of five, it is suitable for highly motivated children who want to go to school faster to learn.
"How to teach a child to read" according to the Fedin textbook
The method of teaching reading, presented by these authors, consists in the consistent mastery of written speech from simple to complex. Education consists of seven stages in the development of reading skills in the senior preschool age from letters to simple sentences. Different types of syllables are considered:
- With a fixed vowel
- Starting with a vowel
- Containing the letters I, E, Yu.
Further, simple three-letter words consisting of four letters or more complex are offered for development.
If at the first stage of learning the child must understand that letters are based on sounds, then at the last stage of learning the child is able to read simple sentences. Children like the textbook because it has a lot of games, and parents because it has a lot of tips on how to organize teaching young children to read at home.
How didactic games are used in teaching reading
Bookstores sell a large number of didactic games that develop a child's love and ability to read. They are designed by experienced teachers. Didactic games are based on tasks for the development of a certain skill in working with text:
- With the help of cut cards on which syllables are written using different colors, the child learns to build simple and complex words.
- Narrative pictures develop imagination and oral speech, teach to correlate a word with a visual situation. Pictures help to reveal the meaning, the meaning of the word.
- Rhymes, rhymes and memoirs.
Didactic games are based on the visual-figurative thinking of a five-year-old child and develop his verbal-logical thinking as the basis of reading. Tasks are offered for guessing a word where one syllable is presented as a picture, and the second - as a combination of letters. Gradually, the child learns to perceive words not just as a set of sounds, but to understand the meaning of the word, which is initially hidden in the picture and is memorized by it.
Tips for parents: how to teach a child to read at five years old or at senior preschool age?
When teaching older preschool children to read, adults should understand that a child cannot be forced to read. It is necessary to slowly involve him in this process, to interest him, to gradually develop a love for reading.
You can’t scold a child if he can’t read words or texts. It is necessary to ensure that the child reads the words and sentences, and does not repeat the text learned by heart. Very often children at this age begin to imitate reading when they are not getting to read. Do not insist on reading if the child shows signs of anxiety or is tired. It is better to put aside a primer or a book for a while, switch the child's attention by offering him another activity. After the baby has a rest, he will start reading with great interest.
Video: how to teach a child to read.
Your baby is growing, in the process of growing up, his skills also change. He already knows colors, numbers, letters, vocabulary increases every day. But how do you teach him to read? How can this be done at all? And at what age is it better to start training?
Now most children already know how to read at the age of five or six. Some even manage to do it quite quickly. Reading helps children excel in class, because those who can read are more likely to read the conditions of the assignment and will be able to begin its implementation earlier. And children who have just learned letters and learned how to put them into syllables are most likely to fall behind in class.
At what age should training start?
Many teachers believe that the sooner the baby learns the letters, the better. Even two-year-olds can read. But the question arises as to whether this is correct and necessary. Psychologists tend to think that early reading can lead to problems in social development. Because the kid was busy reading and writing, instead of learning to find a common language with peers. Speech therapists say that early reading leads to the fact that the baby absolutely does not understand the meaning of what is read. He simply connects letters, and syllables into words, but cannot retell the meaning.
It is necessary to start teaching a child to read when the following physiological signs have already been formed:
Basically, these signs are already formed by the age of five. You should observe the child, communicate with him, and if it becomes obvious that he is ready to make words from letters, and sentences from words, you can begin the process of learning to read.
Popular teaching methods
How to teach to read at 5 years old? Most parents try to teach their baby to read according to the method known to them: first they learn letters, then add syllables from letters, then words. But in our time, other effective methods are also known, which are increasingly being used in practice.
Montessori Method
A teacher from Italy suggests starting to teach children to read from writing. According to her observations, children draw letters more easily than they read them. Therefore, you should first hatch and circle the letters, then feel the voluminous letters with your fingers, thereby studying them visually. And only then make words out of letters, drawing and pronouncing them.
Zaitsev's technique
Teacher Nikolai Zaitsev believes that it will be easier to teach reading at the age of 6 with the help of a warehouse. Warehouse (not to be confused with a syllable) - a pair of letters consisting of a consonant and a vowel, 2 consonants, a consonant with a hard or soft sign, and one letter. For training, you should use "Zaitsev's cubes", which differ in size and color. Using this technique, you can train both a first grader and a one-year-old baby.
A neurophysiologist who conducted various experiments developed a five-stage training methodology.
How to teach to read in syllables? There is another popular method for quickly learning to read, which was developed by N. Zhukova. The basis of the methodology is a speech therapy approach to learning. With the help of this training, it is possible to prevent the occurrence and development of speech defects.
Learning takes place with the help of a primer, where the main character is a cheerful boy who helps the kid learn to read quickly enough. The primer begins with reading syllables, then words appear, and at the end they offer whole texts for reading. The primer contains a minimum of information that the baby does not need and will distract him from the learning process. The technique is suitable for children who are five to six years old and who are about to go to school.
Each technique has both pluses and minuses, but they all boil down to the fact that the child should be taught in a playful way. If the learning process for the baby is boring and monotonous, then an effective result should not be expected.
If you follow these rules, then your baby will quickly learn to read.
Learning to read fluently
If the baby has already learned to read relatively well by the syllables of the sentence, then you can gradually move on to fluent reading. Classes should be no more than thirty minutes one, a maximum of two times a day and no more than four lessons.
Lesson 1
To do this, complete the task: in a row of five vowels, insert a consonant. Let the child try to find the extra letter.
Write words that differ by only one letter (cat-whale, etc.). Ask your child to look for the difference.
Lesson 2
Such exercises will help to improve pronunciation, breathing will be correct, and speech will become clearer. To do this, use the game "We add the word from the halves." Pick up words for the game that consist of two syllables, write them on two cards and invite the baby to collect them correctly. Cards should be changed regularly.
Lesson 3
The child reads the sentences, at the command "stop", he must take his eyes off the book, close them and rest. On the “read” command, the child needs to find the fragment where he stopped.
Lesson 4
The principle of this exercise is that while reading, the child sees the outline of the next word with peripheral vision. And then decides which word comes next.
Lesson 5
To do this, take two identical texts. You should read slowly, the child should read after you and follow the lines with your finger. Accelerate gradually the pace, but so much that the child has time.
Lesson 6
For this task, you need to choose a simple text. Set a specific time and let the child start reading. At the end of the time, count how many words the baby managed to read. When the child reads a second time, the number of words will be greater.
To make the pronunciation clearer, teach tongue twisters with your child.
Lesson 7
Choose a polysyllabic word and try with your child to stress all the syllables in turn. The child needs to determine which accent will be correct.
Lesson 8
Watch filmstrips with your child, this lesson perfectly trains the reading technique.
Lesson 9
Draw a table, write a letter in each cell. Point to the letters with a pen or pencil, and let the child read them to himself.
Lesson 10
Lesson 11
So the child remembers the integrity of the letter patterns and learns to combine the semantic ending of the word with the analysis of the letters. To such a task, you need to proceed only when the child will read without errors.
Lesson 12
The child learns to tap a certain rhythm with a pencil, and having learned it, he must tap it and read an unfamiliar text at the same time.
So, now you know how you can teach a child to read by syllables, and fluent reading. Do not try to teach him too early or if he is not ready, so as not to create a psychological barrier for the child to learn.
Preparing a baby for school is a very responsible and difficult period in the life of both a preschooler and his parents. In the modern world, the requirements for children of this age are very high: they must have ideas about mathematics, speech, spelling and reading. How to teach a child to read at the age of 5, if he does not know how to do this, some methods for raising and training toddlers will help to figure out this issue. After analyzing many of them, I would like to note a number of factors that successfully influence the process of learning to read.
What should you pay attention to?Teaching children is always a very laborious process that requires patience not only from teachers or parents, but also from the kids themselves. Everyone knows that learning something new is always more fun and interesting if it is exciting and all conditions for harmonious learning are created. Therefore, if a child at the age of 5 does not know how to read and does not want to learn this, then there may be several reasons for this:
- he does not understand the process itself;
- the little one is not interested;
- the baby has problems with the pronunciation of sounds;
- during training, the child is shouted at or scolded.
By eliminating these causes, you will help the baby quickly master this difficult skill and prepare him for school.
How to teach a 5 year old to read?
The learning process can be divided into several stages, which will gradually explain the reading scheme to the baby.
Summing up, I would like to note that the process of teaching a child to read does not tolerate haste. Therefore, you should not rush the child and force him to try to read if he does not understand, for example, how to “connect” sounds. You need to understand that the more interesting and “painless” the training will be for the baby, the faster he will master this skill and delight his parents by reading a new book.